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Based on the proposed SICM model, financial risk can transmit from susceptible agents to infected agents, to contagious agents, or to immune agents. This paper proposes a new research frame to discuss the microscopic mechanism of risk contagion based on agent modeling technology and complex network theory and reveals nonlinear dynamics characteristic of risk contagion from the perspective of market participants in financial market. Risk contagion is becoming a research hotspot in the field of econophysics with the rise of interdisciplinary studies and gains more and more attention from theoretical circles and practical departments.
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“Stability” is as contagious as “contagion.” Moreover, I show that a similar effect has been in place prior to the crisis. Rather, it is likewise largely a result of procyclical lending patterns: liquidity retracted from peripheral sovereign bonds is invested into core sovereign bonds. I then apply the related analysis to Germany's funding situation during the crisis and argue that “stability,” i.e., the ability to maintain sustainable growth under Eurozone crisis conditions, is not the result of endogenous austere virtue. The Eurozone crisis is the result of the procyclical lending patterns of the European banking system, which turns liquidity shortages into solvency problems for governments depending upon debt roll-over operations. This paper, by contrast, argues that “contagion” is the origin of peripheral repayment troubles rather than their effect. Consequently, austerity policies are indiscriminately applied to the governments of all five of these countries to ensure the countries’ sustainable growth for their debt repayment. Under the assumption that the crisis is one of sovereign debt, the term “contagion” is frequently used to describe the doubts about governmental debt repayment abilities that were spreading from Greece to Ireland and Portugal and then to Spain and Italy from 2010 to 2012. In this paper, I examine the effects of socially constructed financial market lending patterns in the Eurozone crisis. By showing that pregnant women were most likely to respond to others’ yawns, our results support the hypothesis that the social variation observed in yawn contagion may be influenced by emotional attachment and that yawning in highly social species might have been coopted for emotional contagion during evolution. In both settings, yawn contagion occurred significantly more in pregnant than nonpregnant women. We tested the factors influencing the yawning response, including the reproductive status (pregnant vs. In the naturalistic setting, 131 women were observed in a social environment and their yawning response was recorded. In the experimental setting, 49 women were exposed to video stimuli of newborns either yawning or moving their mouth (control) and we video-recorded the women during repeated trials to measure their yawning response.
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We gathered data in two different settings. We predicted that if yawn contagion underlies social and emotional attachment, pregnant women would be more likely to contagiously yawn than nonpregnant, nulliparous women of reproductive age. In this study we assessed whether yawn contagion was enhanced in pregnant women, a cohort of subjects who develop prenatal emotional attachment in preparation for parental care, via hormonal and neurobiological changes.
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Whether the social asymmetry observed in the occurrence of contagious yawning is related to social and emotional attachment and may therefore reflect emotional contagion is a subject of debate. AbstractContrary to spontaneous yawning, which is widespread in vertebrates and probably evolutionary ancient, contagious yawning-yawning triggered by others’ yawns-is considered an evolutionarily recent phenomenon, found in species characterized by complex sociality.